GENRE (PART 12)

l. Report (laporan hasil pengamatan)

1. Ciri Umum:

a. Tujuan Komunikatif Teks (Communicative Purpose):

To describe the way things are, with reference to a range of natural, man-made, and social phenomena in our environment (menyampaikan informasi tentang sesuatu, apa adanya, sebagai hasil pengamatan sistematis atau analisis. Yang dideskripsikan dapat meliputi gajala alam, lingkungan, benda buatan manusia, atau gejala-gejala sosial. Deskripsi sebuah teks report dapat berupa simpulan umum, misalnya, ikan paus termasuk binatang mamalia karena ikan tersebut melahirkan anaknya. Untuk membuat laporan semacam ini, siswa perlu mengamati dan membandingkan ikan paus dengan binatang lainnya yang memiliki ciri-ciri yang sama).

b. Struktur Teks (Generic Structure):

· General classification: tells what the phenomenon under discussion is (pernyataan umum yang menerangkan subjek laporan, keterangan, dan klasifikasinya).

· Description: tells what the phenomenon under discussion is like in terms of (1) parts, (2) qualities, (3) habits or behaviors, if living; uses, if non-natural (menceritakan fenomena apa yang sedang didiskusikan; berkaitan dengan parts, qualities, habits or behaviors).

3. Ciri Kebahasaan (Linguistic Features):

Menggunakan:

· General nouns, seperti ‘Reptiles in Comodo Island’, etc.

· Relating verbs untuk menjelaskan ciri, example reptiles are scaly animals (ciri ini berlaku untuk semua reptilia), etc.

· Action verbs dalam mejelaskan perilaku, example lizards cannot fly, etc.

· Present tense untuk menyatakan suatu yang umum, example Komodo dragons usually weight more than 160 kg, etc.

· Istilah teknis, example water contains oxygen and hydrogen, etc.

· Paragraf dengan topik sentence untuk menyusun sejumlah informasi.

· Tidak bersifat promotif

· Terdapat dalam ensiklopedia

2. Contoh dan Struktur Teks:

The Pelican Report

General classification The white pelican is one of the most successful fish-eating birds. Description The success is largely due to its command hunting behavior. A group, perhaps two dozen birds, will gather in a curved arc some distance offshore. The birds then begin to move forward towards the shore, beating the water furiously with their wings, driving the fish before them. When the water is shallow enough for the birds to reach the fish, the formation breaks up as each bird dips its bill into the water to scoop up its meal. As the bird lifts its head, the water drains from its bill leaving the fish which are then swallowed. Pelicans are among the oldest group of birds, Fossils of this genus have been found dating back 40 million years.