b. Anecdote (cerita lucu)

1. Ciri Umum:

a. Tujuan Komunikatif Teks (communicative/social purpose):

The communicative purpose of the text is to share with others an account of an unusual or amusing accident (menceritakan kejadian/peristiwa lucu berdasarkan khayalan atau peristiwa nyata yang bertujuan menghibur).

b. Struktur Teks (generic structure):

· Abstract: signals the retelling of an unusual incidents (menandai atau menunjukkan penceritaan kembali kejadian yang tidak biasa).

· Pengenalan (Orientation): sets the scene (menunjukkan kejadian-kejadian).

· Krisis (crisis): provides details of the unusual incident (menjabarkan secara rinci kejadian yang tidak biasa tersebut)

· Tindakan (reaction): reaction to crises (reaksi atau tanggapan terhadap krisis).

· Koda (Coda): optional-reflection on or evaluation of the incident (refleksi atau evaluasi dari kejadian tersebut).

c. Ciri Kebahasaan (Linguistic Feature):

Menggunakan:

· Seruan/kata seru, pertanyaan retorik dan kata-kata seperti Listen to this! And do you know what? It’s awful, isn’t it? etc.

· Action verbs, example go, write, etc.

· Conjunctions yang berhubungan dengan waktu, seperti then, afterwards, etc.

2. Contoh dan Struktur Teks:

Snake in the Bath

Abstract How would you like to find a snake in your bath? A nasty one too! Orientation We had just moved into a new house, which had been empty for so long that everything was in a terrible mess. Anna and I decided we would clean the bath first, so we set to, and turned on the tap. Crisis Suddenly to my horror, a snake’s head appeared in the plug-hole. Then out slithered the rest of his long thin body. He twisted and turned on the slippery bottom of the bath, spitting and hissing at us. Reaction For an instant I stood there quite paralyzed. Then I yelled for my husband, who luckily came running and killed the snake with the handle of a broom. Anna, who was only three at the time, was quite interested in the whole business. Indeed I had to pull her out of the way or she’d probably have leant over the bath to get a better look! Coda Ever since then I’ve always put the plug in firmly before running the bath water.

-he� : 5 �@� `�� st:l2 level1 lfo2'>· Action verbs, example She must save, etc.

· Thinking verbs, example Many people believe, etc.

· Modal verbs, example we must preserve, etc.

· Modal adverbs, example certainly, we, etc.

· Connectives, example firstly, secondly, etc.

· Bahasa evaluatif, example important, valuable, trustworthy, etc.

· Kalimat pasif (passive voice)

2. Contoh dan Struktur Teks:

Cars should be Banned in the City

Cars should be banned in the city. As we all know, cars create pollution, and cause a lot of road deaths and other accidents. Firstly, cars, as we all know, contribute to most of the pollution in the world. Cars emit a deadly gas that causes illnesses such as bronchitis, lung cancer, and ‘triggers’ off asthma. Some of these illnesses are so bad that people can die from them. Secondly, the city is very busy. Pedestrians wander everywhere and cars commonly hit pedestrians in the city, which causes them to die. Cars today are our roads biggest killers. Thirdly, cars are very noisy. If you live in the city, you may find it hard to sleep at night, or concentrate on your homework, and especially talk to someone. In conclusion, cars should be banned from the city for the reasons listed.

Genre much deals with kinds of texts. It has communicative purpose/social function (tujuan komunikasi), generic structure/text organization (struktur teks), and linguistic features (ciri-ciri kebahasaan).

Berikut ini bentuk-bentuk genre dalam bahasa Inggris:

a. Analytical Exposition (eksposisi analitikal)

1. Ciri Umum:

a. Tujuan Komunikatif (communicative purpose/social function):

The communicative purpose/social function of analytical exposition is to persuade the reader or listener that something is the case (untuk membujuk, meyakinkan atau mempengaruhi pembaca atau pendengar bahwa sesuatu memang seperti itu). Kadang juga dikatakan bahwa analytical exposition dimaksudkan untuk mempengaruhi audience (pendengar atau pembaca) bahwa ada masalah yang tentunya perlu mendapat perhatian.

b. Struktur Teks (generic structure):

· Pernyataan pendapat (Thesis)

1. Position: introduces topic and indicates writer’s position.

2. Preview: outlines the main argument to be presented.

· Argumen (arguments)

1. Point: restate main argument outlined in preview.

2. Elaboration: develops and supports each point/argument.

· Reiteration: restate writer’s position.

c. Ciri Kebahasaan (linguistic features):

Menggunakan:

· General nouns, example car, pollution, leaded petrol car, etc.

· Abstract nouns, example policy, government, etc.

· Technical verbs, example species of animals, etc.

· Relating verbs, example It is important, etc.

· Action verbs, example She must save, etc.

· Thinking verbs, example Many people believe, etc.

· Modal verbs, example we must preserve, etc.

· Modal adverbs, example certainly, we, etc.

· Connectives, example firstly, secondly, etc.

· Bahasa evaluatif, example important, valuable, trustworthy, etc.

· Kalimat pasif (passive voice)

2. Contoh dan Struktur Teks:

Cars should be Banned in the City

Cars should be banned in the city. As we all know, cars create pollution, and cause a lot of road deaths and other accidents. Firstly, cars, as we all know, contribute to most of the pollution in the world. Cars emit a deadly gas that causes illnesses such as bronchitis, lung cancer, and ‘triggers’ off asthma. Some of these illnesses are so bad that people can die from them. Secondly, the city is very busy. Pedestrians wander everywhere and cars commonly hit pedestrians in the city, which causes them to die. Cars today are our roads biggest killers. Thirdly, cars are very noisy. If you live in the city, you may find it hard to sleep at night, or concentrate on your homework, and especially talk to someone. In conclusion, cars should be banned from the city for the reasons listed.

By: Mary Shelley

A. Theme

The theme of this story is “human can’t live alone”. Because in this story the author describes the monster as a lonely person who needs a soul mate. According to our group, that so even a monster that has an ugly face and body still needs a friend to be his soul mate.

B. Plot

The plot of this story is flash back, in which at the beginning of the story Victor tells his problems to Robert Walton and then at the last back to Robert Walton again.

• Exposition/Orientation

Victor Frankenstein showed his interest in science when he was hunting a rabbit with his father when he was a child. Then he decided to go to Ingolstadt to study more about science.

• Raising action

When Frankenstein desired to make people life forever after his mother and his lovely dog died.

• Climax/Crisis

After his wife died killed by the monster, he decided that his life purposed to kill the monster.

• Falling action

Captain Robert Walton rescued Frankenstein on the North Pole.

• Denouement/resolution

The monster came to pick Frankenstein up after Frankenstein’s death. Then, he told the captain that he wouldn’t be seen again.

C. Conflict

There were two kinds of conflict that happen in this story, internal and external conflicts:

• Internal conflict (Victor against himself)

The struggle of Victor Frankenstein to repair the big mistake that he have done because of his big ambition.

• External conflict (the monster against the community)

The community doesn’t want to accept the attendance of the monster.

D. Setting

• Setting (time) : Eighteenth century

• Setting (place) : Geneva, The Swiss Alps, Ingolstadt, The Northern ice pole.

In this story, the setting functions as the background because the setting doesn’t have significant effect to the story. The setting is just as the place and time background. If they changed, the story isn’t influenced.

E. Characters

• Victor Frankenstein : The Swiss chemist who create the monster

- Major character : The story focused on Victor Frankenstein and his action. He appeared from the beginning to the end of the story.

- Round character : He faced many conflicts, like facing his mother and his lovely dog died in front of him, attempting to create a life to the old body, facing a dilemma whether he would create a female monster or not, etc.

- Dynamic character : He changed his mind that God’s can’t be changed.

• The Monster : The ugly creation of Frankenstein who searches for companionship and love throughout the story.

- Major character : The story also focused on the monster and his action. He appeared from the beginning to the end of the story.

- Round character : He possessed both good and bad traits. Actually he was a lovable person.

- Dynamic character : He was rejected from social life. Besides, he wanted a companionship after seeing a happy couple.

• Captain Robert Walton

- Minor character : The story wasn’t focus on him.

- Flat character : His function was just be a listener of Frankenstein’s story.

- Static character : He was a listener from the beginning to the end.

• William : Victor’s brother. The monster murders William to punish Victor and sets the stage for more tragedy and torment for Victor.

- Minor character : He just appeared only several times.

- Flat character : He didn’t have any conflict.

- Static character : There is no change in his character until he died in the middle of the story.

• Elizabeth : Adopted and loved by the Frankenstein family, and becomes Victor Frankenstein’s wife.

- Minor character : The story didn’t focus on her. Her appearance wasn’t until the end of the story because of her death.

- Flat character : She only focused on her problem that was her love with Victor Frankenstein.

- Static character : She still loves Frankenstein till her death.

• Justine Moritz : Frankenstein’s housemaid who was convicted and executed to kill William.

- Minor character : She wasn’t concerned by the story.

- Flat character : She only appeared in the story for seeking William.

- Static character : Her character just being an honest and royal housemaid. Not enough complex to round character.

• Henry : Victor’s friend.

- Minor character : He is just a friend of Victor.

- Flat character : No significant changes on his character, even though Victor didn’t his problems.

- Static character : His personality doesn’t change from the beginning till the end of the story.

• Mr. Waldman : The chemist professor.

- Minor character : The story doesn’t focus on his character.

- Flat character : At the beginning he supports Victor in science and experiment, but at last after he knows that the purpose of Victor is to create a human, he against Victor’s will.

- Static character : No significant event of the story that caused by him.

• Caroline : Victor’s mother.

- Minor character : She just appears at the beginning of the story.

- Flat character : She just acts like any other mothers who love her children and her family.

- Static character : She still loves Victor and her family, and supports Victor’s ambition to go to the university till her death.

• Alphonse : Victor’s father.

- Minor character : The story doesn’t focus on his character.

- Round character : At the beginning he loves and supports Victor’s will, but after the death of some members of his family, he thinks that Victor is caused of all problems and the death.

- Static character : His character doesn’t cause significant changes in the story.

F. Point of view

This story use dramatic point of view because the author gives chance to the audience to conclude the story by themselves.